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Why GM is needed to fight world food crisis

20/11/2008 6:05:00 PM
There is something worse than having one GFC. That's having two. Amid the international response to the global financial crisis (GFC), many people have stopped talking about the other GFC: the global food crisis.

It is still with us and not hard to find, from food prices in supermarkets worldwide to hunger in the Pacific, Asia and Africa. There were food riots in Africa and South-East Asia this year, and the crisis was linked to the fall of the Haitian government. Unless its causes are dealt with, it will worsen in the years to come.

Those causes are not well understood. The view that it is simply because biofuels use food for fuel is wrong.

Biofuels policies may have made us reach the crisis more quickly but the long-term trends have shown that food demand has been catching up with supply over many years.

The reasons include the growing world population and lower average harvests affected by climate change.

The good news story that much of the developing world are becoming wealthier has also brought new challenges.

As people become richer, they demand more meat. This causes farmers to shift from cropping to grazing and producing food for livestock and people.

As many developing nations modernise their economies, the agriculture sector tends to come last, meaning countries undergoing massive urban expansion still practise subsistence agriculture.

This is the world's challenge: to produce more food, while combating climate change, dealing with increasing water scarcity and coping with the financial crisis.

This will be front-of-mind when the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) gathers this week in Rome.

As you would expect, none of the simple answers work.

Reversing biofuels policies in some parts of the world is not sufficient to offset long-term pressures on food supply.

On its own, aid won't do the trick either.

When aid is cash or food supplies, it can be counterproductive, causing the local market to crash and wipe out the livelihoods of local farmers.

The crisis carries humanitarian responsibility and economic opportunity for food-exporting nations such as Australia. We need to respond in three ways: aid, technology transfer and increasing our productivity.

The Government has allocated over $100 million to improving global food security, including to the World Food Program's emergency appeal.

Then you have the Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research, which fits the adage of teaching people to fish to feed them for a lifetime.

By sending agricultural experts to nations such as East Timor and Vietnam, Australia is helping the poorest nations to come closer to feeding their own populations.

But the crisis is not only felt in developing nations.

We've been seeing the effect at our checkout counters for many months.

According to the FAO Food Price Index, world food prices fell by 6pc in September, but were still 51pc higher than they were two years ago.

This drives home the pressures that pensioners, carers and working families started facing well before the global financial crisis hit.

The hardest part of the response is to produce more food. Much of our nation remains in its longest and deepest drought, and farm costs such as chemical, fertiliser and fuel have soared.

We need to do more to get our research and development from the lab to the farm, and find synergies between the pressures of climate change and increasing productivity.

Given the challenges the world faces, we cannot ignore the potential of genetically modified (GM) organisms.

It has always been a sensitive issue and, as with all food technology, food-safety issues are paramount.

While food safety may be a reason to ultimately reject particular plants, it is not a reason to reject the science of genetic modification.

When India switched to GM cotton, it increased productivity by 75pc in four years. It went from a net importer of cotton to the world's second-largest exporter.

None of us know if such gains will come from other crops, but ignoring the potential of genetic modification puts superstition ahead of science.

It will be some time before the end of either GFC. But the decisions we take now, as a nation and as a planet, will affect the prosperity and livelihoods of all the world's citizens for decades to come.

* Tony Burke is the federal Minister for Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry.

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Tony Burke ensures that Australian wheat growers will cut back wheat production by deregulating their industry, then he rushes off to Rome to talk food shortages. Is he for real?
Posted by Realist on 20/11/2008 8:58:52 PM
What does this man know about agriculture? He's the Minister and his knowlege and experience are next to zero. At least Labor could have put someone in with a shred of understanding.
Posted by John on 21/11/2008 3:31:39 AM
What a refreshing, commonsense view from a politician. It is high time someone spoke with authority and sense about the looming global disaster confronting humanity, if we do not act now.

We have seen the global financial crisis driven by greed and self interest, and we stand the risk of seeing the global food crisis driven by ignorance and lack of interest by the fortunate nations of the world. How can we allow our state governments to destroy our prime cropping farmlands for short-term coal profits when we face a global crisis like this. We need a co-ordinated national policy on food security, or we run the risk of being hit by the GFC.

We are told we will lose one third of the Murray Darling to greenhouse induced climate change, that we will need to plant 10pc of our farmland to trees to counter coal induced CO2, and now we prepare to mine our premium farmlands for even more coal.

Posted by JB on 21/11/2008 6:29:30 AM
On a number of fronts, this minister is sorely out of touch. In th 1960s, 17pc of our income was spent on food and 7pc on medical. Now it is the reverse.

The answer is not cheaper food. I'm a farmer and it is unecomic to produce food at current prices.

The problem is people have got used to cheap food and would rather worry about that than the cost of the flat screen plasma TV they just bought. Because food is so cheap and the prices we recieve so little, we are forced to make compromises, such as cropping country too hard or grazinig too hard, which then harms the environment. Cuba has not had access to synthetic fertilisers or chemicals for years, yet still feeds its people because it has developed its organic industry. I was not aware that any GM crops actually had a crop yield increasing gene?

The problem isn't growing more food but more one of eliminating waste. Up to a third of all grain produced in or for the poorer contries is wasted through inadequate storage and transport. Here's a tip - instead of giving GM companies big grants. why don't we give aid to help with infrastucture.

You pointed out the grain issue. How can first-world countries justify feeding 20kgs of corn to produce 1 kg of beef? We should eat grassfed beef. Sure, we'd have to eat less and it would be more expensive, but we'd have all this extra grain to feed the world without growing plants that are unnatural in nature.

How about some of these ideas, Mr Burke? Where is the money for more sustainable agriculture? And, no, I'm not an organic farmer, I just care about having a sustainable world.

Posted by paul on 21/11/2008 6:34:58 AM
Time will judge these comment by Minister Burke as being irresponsible and incredibly ill-informed. GM is not the answer to world food requirements, never was, never will be.

GM crops are dependent on an unsustainable farming system. Farmers and others must wake up to the deception presented by GM proponents, otherwise we will face crop failure on a scale never witnessed at any stage in history.

The future of food production must be based on a broad diversity of species and varieties, not limited to a handful of varieties of questionable safety.

Posted by ggwagga on 21/11/2008 6:43:15 AM
The United Nations has reported that "over-nutrition" is now a bigger health problem globally than "under-nutrition". Put bluntly, we have more obese people on the planet that hungry ones. So the real problem is not a food shortage issue, it is a food distribution issue.

May I suggest that Minister Burke spend some time talking with the farmers who presented at this week's Carbon Farmers conference in Orange, NSW. These farmers are producing well above average yields while using significantly lower artificial inputs, - and all without GM. They are also regenerating their soils, which is the real answer to global food security.

Posted by soil carbon on 21/11/2008 7:12:16 AM
Some great words of leadership and finally an acknowledgment the greater benefits. The fact that production in india went up and insecticide use went down, I can live with.

GM is part of the solution to slowing the food crisis, it just a shame those Green Groups still fail to see the benefits.

Posted by Farmer who wants choice on 21/11/2008 8:00:48 AM
Reminds me of a comment by Henry Kissenger: "If you control oil, you control nations. If you control food, you control people".

Improving quality of food, not quantity, will do more to aleviate starvation. So far GM is being pushed as more cost effective and to increase yield,. However, if the result is an inferior food, then quantity is irrelavent. More direct input into raising the quality of soil nutrients (other than NPK) in which crops are grown, will have a longer-lasting effect.

Posted by Gordons49 on 21/11/2008 10:25:14 AM
All too often we read articles on world starvation almost side-by-side with accounts of crops being ploughed under by despairing Australian vegetable growers.

And other news that supermarkets could stock their shelves with cheaper foods imported from heavily populated and presumably 'hungry' parts of the world.

This is not to deny that hunger exists. But we need to remember that local wars, local famines combined with lack of transport and sheer poverty are the immediate causes, rather than inadequate global food production.

As soon as 'biofuels' became the latest putative bonanza it was instructive to note how quickly mention of the starving millions faded, to be replaced by truly ingenious explanations of how food production would not suffer.

The Minister should be aware that most people hope for great benefits from the revolutionary new science of biotechnology. What they fear is a food supply that eventually consists entirely of organisms that currently do not exist - 'novel' patented transgenics. These transgenes will inevitably make their insidious way through the entire biosphere, carried by wind, water, birds and other animals including ourselves. And where the transgenes go they carry their patent rights with them. (Read up on the Canadian Court decisions)

The imperatives of corporate business life - the compulsion to grow, to expand, to increase profit by capturing new markets and smothering competition - will see the transgene used as a tool of monopoly.

Quite soon, every plant and animal of commercial value could be replaced by a transgene equivalent.

It may quack like a duck, give milk like a cow or taste like a pig but it won't be the organism that has co-evolved with us over uncounted eons.

Our existing natural world will have been largely replaced by the transgenes, unrecognisable, 'novel' and patented.

Posted by ceres on 21/11/2008 10:48:27 AM
We need more than GM crops, although that's part of the solution. We need, especially, more - not less - research and development in agriculture.

Yet some states do insist on reducing that R&D effort.

For confirmation of what's happening, visit: www.foreignaffairs.org/20081001faessay87605/paul-coll ier/how-to-solve-the-food-crisis.html


Posted by R See 1 on 21/11/2008 2:39:49 PM
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Federal Agriculture Minister Tony Burke.
Federal Agriculture Minister Tony Burke.

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